Cackling Geese are rare in Massachusetts, and when they usually occur, they do so in large jumpy flocks of Canadas. The bird below was mixed in with thinly spread flock of 1200+ Canada Geese, and surprisingly confiding. This made for a good combination with late afternoon light.
Very interesting! I never realized there was such a distinction, I'll have to look carefully at my next group of Canada geese to see if a Cackler jumps out. Thanks for showing the distinction so clearly.