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Archive 2011 · convince me exposure fusion, blending, any sort of stacking is way diffe...

  
 
chadbro
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p.1 #1 · convince me exposure fusion, blending, any sort of stacking is way different than HDR


Lots of people on this forum really demonstrate a distaste for HDR.

I'm no fan myself, but in the same vein, a lot of people here stack exposures, "manually blend", or use "exposure fusion".

Certainly HDR has a definitive look, but other than the tone mapping, I'm not convinced there is much difference in the techniques.

Without a doubt, processing has a necessary place in photography. It's well documented that Ansel did a lot of manipulation. Galen argued that artists should have a point of view. We as photographers are not merely capturing or documenting a moment, but communicating what we think is important about that place or moment. Processing helps us communcate that POV or idea.

So, this isn't a question about the importance of processing. Just the seeming irony in the distaste for one kind of dynamic range approach to a more "pure" version.

It's all stacking exposures. Or is it?



Nov 18, 2011 at 09:05 PM
DopamineHunter
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p.1 #2 · convince me exposure fusion, blending, any sort of stacking is way different than HDR


hmm in simpler terms...
eating steak at black angus or eating a steak at Ruths Chris steak house (or add your own steak house here).

both are steaks..which do you prefer...(hopefully something from the latter)



Nov 18, 2011 at 09:09 PM
Henry W
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p.1 #3 · convince me exposure fusion, blending, any sort of stacking is way different than HDR


Some times you need - some times you don't.
When you really need it, it is never obvious.
I'm not referring to tone mapping that can be over the top.



Nov 18, 2011 at 09:13 PM
Marc Kurth
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p.1 #4 · convince me exposure fusion, blending, any sort of stacking is way different than HDR


I've have no problem with HDR techniques. I regularly see phenomenally good "HDR" work here.

As you alluded to, many people use the strange results from tone mapping with programs like Photomatix - and call it HDR.

Marc



Nov 18, 2011 at 09:14 PM
gdanmitchell
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p.1 #5 · convince me exposure fusion, blending, any sort of stacking is way different than HDR


chadbro wrote:
Lots of people on this forum really demonstrate a distaste for HDR.

I'm no fan myself, but in the same vein, a lot of people here stack exposures, "manually blend", or use "exposure fusion".

Certainly HDR has a definitive look, but other than the tone mapping, I'm not convinced there is much difference in the techniques.

Without a doubt, processing has a necessary place in photography. It's well documented that Ansel did a lot of manipulation. Galen argued that artists should have a point of view. We as photographers are not merely capturing or documenting a moment, but communicating what we think is
...Show more

First, I'm not necessarily against HDR techniques, or GND filters, or any other technique that is used in a way that produces a fine photographic image. I know that any of the techniques can be used well and that they can be used in ways that are over-done and (in my view) tasteless.

Second, exposure blending may be a similar method of dealing with high dynamic range subjects but it most certainly is a very different beast than HDR. In their more extreme manifestations, I believe the exposure blending comes closer to presenting the subject in a way that is similar to how our visual system works. We tend to compensate without knowing it as our eyes scan around a scene, adapting to overall low light in one area of our field of view and then adapting to overall brighter light in another. Roughly speaking, this is what exposure blending tries to do - it produces an optimal level of luminosity in an area of the image, whereas (to be a bit crude about it) HDR tries to maximize the dynamic range in every part of the scene.

I'l post one example below of a landscape photograph that would have been impossible without exposure blending. You might have been able to come close with GND fitters, but the process would have been more visible.

Dan

Three exposures blended:

http://gdanmitchell.com/gallery/d/3299-3/SabrinaBasinLupinePeaks20090807.jpg



Nov 18, 2011 at 11:09 PM
Ben Horne
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p.1 #6 · convince me exposure fusion, blending, any sort of stacking is way different than HDR


I definitely agree with Dan here. The problem I have with tone mapping is that it tends to tweak the tones in a way that makes a scene look artificial. Personally, I enjoy viewing great photos because it gives me a sense of being there, and viewing a magnificent scene in real life --- especially when the photos are printed large, and beautifully presented in a gallery. They are like windows to another world.

With Dan's photo, I can look down at the flowers, then up to the sky, and it mimics the experience of viewing it in person. The light tones are light, the dark tones are dark, and the tonality of scene makes perfect sense. With tonemapping, you would end up with clouds that are darker than the foreground, and weird halos around high contrast boundaries.

When viewing a tonemapped HDR photo, I no longer have the feeling that I am looking at a window. I feel like I'm looking at some sort of digitally tweaked scene. It is like looking out a window through some sort of weird hippie tie dye curtains.

Though technically any photo that has a high dynamic range is a HDR photo --- you'll find that many of the people on this forum use "HDR" to refer to tonemapped HDR images.

I have seen some good tonemapped files, but they are few and far between. For the most part, I find that many new photographers are drawn to tonemapping because they think it is the be-all-end-all solution for landscape photography. However, as they work with the technique, they soon realize that blending or grad filters are a better solution for many scenes.



Nov 19, 2011 at 12:50 AM
Mark Metternich
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p.1 #7 · convince me exposure fusion, blending, any sort of stacking is way different than HDR


Hi Ben!

I love your statement here: "Without a doubt, processing has a necessary place in photography. It's well documented that Ansel did a lot of manipulation. Galen argued that artists should have a point of view. We as photographers are not merely capturing or documenting a moment, but communicating what we think is important about that place or moment. Processing helps us communcate that POV or idea.."


Its true, we all do HDR (try to draw out dynamic range from our images). And a good image is a good image no matter what technique used. Good art is good art, period.

The 2 main reasons I don't use HRD software (Photomatix or Photoshop HDR...)... to process my images is that I can get BETTER results (yet more work) through advanced blending techniques. Also, for enlargements (especially big ones) I find too much artifacting (digital weirdness) created by the HDR software(s). IMO for really ultra clean images for enlargement nothing beats getting every drop out of raw and then some very careful, non destructive advanced blending.

Great topic BTW...



Nov 19, 2011 at 01:05 AM
Suzanne Mathia
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p.1 #8 · convince me exposure fusion, blending, any sort of stacking is way different than HDR


Here here..totally agree with G. Dan and Ben. And G. Dan's image above is a perfect and beautiful example of a finely blended image. Takes a bit of time a talent not just a push of a software preset key.


Nov 19, 2011 at 01:08 AM
alichty
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p.1 #9 · convince me exposure fusion, blending, any sort of stacking is way different than HDR


My own distaste is for the use of tone mapping software that leave obvious artifacts in the resulting image. I do lots of exposure blending as well as focus blending in my own processing but the goal is always to try to recreate the scene I saw when I set up my camera. I have seen examples of HDR that do this very well but they are sadly quite rare and the more common examples I see on the web show grainy colors on the details, halos around edge boundaries, and odd lighting artifacts that would never occur in real life.

Alan



Nov 19, 2011 at 01:16 AM
JimFox
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p.1 #10 · convince me exposure fusion, blending, any sort of stacking is way different than HDR


Hey Chad,

I think it's all been said very well. Although some of the HDR programs are finally able to create a realistic photograph, for years, this is how you would sum up the differences.

Automatic HDR Program = Very unrealistic photograph

Manual Blending = realistic photograph


That's it... that's been the issue for years now... As I said over the last year or so, the HDR programs have gotten better, and some are able to use them better... but basically for years it was a choice between an unrealistic photograph or a realistic. The majority of us here, try to recreate an accurate representation in a photograph, what we saw with our own eyes... HDR for years has not been able to do that...

Now if you like to use HDR, if you like the results, than use it. Don't let me or anyone else stop you... but our typical goal here is to present realism in how a photograph works. If you don't want that, that's okay, but understand where the majority of us are coming from...

Jim



Nov 19, 2011 at 02:28 AM
curious80
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p.1 #11 · convince me exposure fusion, blending, any sort of stacking is way different than HDR


gdanmitchell wrote:
...
... In their more extreme manifestations, I believe the exposure blending comes closer to presenting the subject in a way that is similar to how our visual system works. We tend to compensate without knowing it as our eyes scan around a scene, adapting to overall low light in one area of our field of view and then adapting to overall brighter light in another. Roughly speaking, this is what exposure blending tries to do - it produces an optimal level of luminosity in an area of the image, whereas (to be a bit crude about it) HDR tries
...Show more

Thats an interest way to look at it. But doesn't that mean that you mainly need better manual control over the tone mapping process to be able to get the desired output from HDR.The HDR image (before tone mapping) has all the information about the scene that is needed and theoretically given an appropriate tone mapping it can produce the same output as exposure blending.



Nov 19, 2011 at 02:54 AM
KAREL WOLF
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p.1 #12 · convince me exposure fusion, blending, any sort of stacking is way different than HDR


The difference between automated HDR and manual blended images is ; HDR sofware was never at the location where you took the photo's. There's no chance automated software can reconstruct the way the scene really looked. Automated software just tries to get detail in every part of the processed image. Only the photographer that was present exactly knows how deep the shadows were,how bright the highlights and wat parts where highly lit and what parts were less lit. The only way to get a realistic blend afterwards is by exactly memorising how the scene looked and edit the photo in the same manner. If one does keep the unprocessed images on a harddisk for several months after they have been taken , chances are high they will never get the right feel en look in the edit afterwards.


Nov 19, 2011 at 03:45 AM
wickerprints
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p.1 #13 · convince me exposure fusion, blending, any sort of stacking is way different than HDR


HDR is an umbrella term for methods that employ multiple input exposures to capture a scene with more dynamic range than the capture device is capable of recording.

Exposure fusion in its most common application is itself a form of HDR imaging, since it may involve merging multiple exposures to capture a greater DR than the device can see in a single exposure.

That said, the critical difference between "HDR" as most photographers understand it, and exposure fusion, is what is done with the expanded dynamic range captured. The way HDR typically works is to first match the difference in EV across the exposures, then calculate an expanded DR composite, which preserves the relative ordering in tonal values for each pixel, but as is, this result cannot be displayed in a way that preserves the perceptual contrast of the image. So this composite is then remapped using a tone curve to recover the contrast between adjacent areas of the image, at the expense of the relative ordering of tonal values. The tone mapping process is why many poorly-processed HDR images have that oversaturated, contrasty, glowing halo look. The algorithm isn't intelligent enough and/or the user doesn't choose a tone curve that minimizes these artifacts.

Not surprisingly, some have chosen to embrace the look of such images as a deliberate aesthetic choice, but this is an issue separate from the discussion of the differences between algorithms.

By contrast, exposure fusion doesn't attempt to first create an intermediate HDR composite. Instead, it is simply a formula that, for each pixel, chooses values that favor a medium exposure, high saturation, and good contrast relative to neighboring pixels. By adjusting the weights on these criteria, one can achieve different outcomes. Because it is a locally computed function, unlike the global tone curve of HDR tone mapping, it avoids halo artifacts.

However, note that exposure fusion is not limited to remapping the dynamic range of a scene. In fact, by choosing a weighting function that favors contrast over saturation and exposure, one can make exposure fusion perform focus stacking. This works because regions with high local contrast (difference between pixel values) are presumed to contain sharp detail--i.e., the region represents an object in focus. So as we can see, although some exposure fusion can perform a function similar (and arguably superior) to tone mapping an HDR image, not all exposure fusion is HDR, and not all HDR is exposure fusion.



Nov 19, 2011 at 04:38 AM
chadbro
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p.1 #14 · convince me exposure fusion, blending, any sort of stacking is way different than HDR


There are a lot of good, thoughtful answers in here. Just what I was hoping for. I hesitated posting the question because I didn't want it perceived as trolling.

I can certainly appreciate the natural-ness as opposed to less-so. But, as Jim alluded to, and Sunny at the beginning, is it simply a question of the sophistication of the software?

Without a doubt, Karel's point about the HDR software never being at the scene yet the person doing the manual blending has, draws a clear distinction between the different approaches.

Mainly there is an aversion to the simplicity, and therefore crude-ness, of using a automated process. Similar to a comparison that can be made between working with a RAW file in Lightroom 3 or simply hitting the "I feel lucky" button in Picasa 3.

Which ultimately leads me to my next question that I don't think is total thread drift.

With the evolution of software and bracketing, are we simply chasing a end-all, be-all look to a photograph? That is to say, I see a lot of helpful, and in most cases, by most posters, welcome'd critique that seemingly pushes folks, of many talent levels, towards a specific look?

What I mean is, while the feedback given is certainly the POV of the poster, just as the photo presented is the POV of the original poster, there is an awful lot of critique expressing a certain shutter speed is useful for water, and to more thread-appropriate extent, the desire to "bring out more in the shadows".

As the software becomes more sophisticated, are we expecting, and is it fair to expect, similar dynamic range in most photos If the shadows are dark, is our first reaction, "the shadows are too dark"? Does the knowledge of what is capable with software limit our ability to see what the photograph is, and more importantly, if that's what the statement of the photograph should include?


Edited on Nov 19, 2011 at 09:59 AM · View previous versions



Nov 19, 2011 at 09:52 AM
Ben Horne
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p.1 #15 · convince me exposure fusion, blending, any sort of stacking is way different than HDR


wickerprints wrote:
HDR is an umbrella term for methods that employ multiple input exposures to capture a scene with more dynamic range than the capture device is capable of recording.

Exposure fusion in its most common application is itself a form of HDR imaging, since it may involve merging multiple exposures to capture a greater DR than the device can see in a single exposure.

That said, the critical difference between "HDR" as most photographers understand it, and exposure fusion, is what is done with the expanded dynamic range captured. The way HDR typically works is to first match the difference in EV across
...Show more

I don't think this post has much bearing on the conversation here, or the question that was asked by the OP but I still give you a thumbs up and hearty handshake for effort. Good day!



Nov 19, 2011 at 09:56 AM
wickerprints
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p.1 #16 · convince me exposure fusion, blending, any sort of stacking is way different than HDR


chadbro wrote:
There are a lot of good, thoughtful answers in here. Just what I was hoping for. I hesitated posting the question because I didn't want it perceived as trolling.

I can certainly appreciate the natural-ness as opposed to less-so. But, as Jim alluded to, and Sunny at the beginning, is it simply a question of the sophistication of the software?


No, not really. As I described in my previous post, they are simply different approaches to merging multiple bracketed exposures. One is not necessarily more sophisticated than the other simply because it is the intended method. Some people *want* to make their images have that "HDR" look.

Without a doubt, Karel's point about the HDR software never being at the scene yet the person doing the manual blending has, draws a clear distinction between the different approaches.

It's somewhat misleading, because while the essential point of the argument is that any algorithmic approach is merely a model for simulating the perception of human vision, the point at which the images created by the camera and the eye begin to differ actually starts at the lens, and not at the post-processing stage. The camera lens doesn't even gather light in the same way as our eyes' lenses do. And it only gets more divergent from there. The imaging sensor is a very, very different device than the human retina. And above all, our brains process retinal stimuli in a way that is a neurological mystery still being unraveled by science. To pin the failure of a photograph to faithfully represent the DR of the scene (as we saw it) on the limitations of a post-processing method is a bit of an artificial distinction--notwithstanding the fact that no two human visual systems are identical and not everyone perceives the same scene; and that human memory is not perfect, so manual blending may only represent what we thought we saw, or what we wanted to see.

Mainly there is an aversion to the simplicity, and therefore crude-ness, of using a automated process. Similar to a comparison that can be made between working with a RAW file in Lightroom 3 or simply hitting the "I feel lucky" button in Picasa 3.

We don't consider image sharpening or noise reduction in software to be distasteful or crude, no? Why HDR? Does it seem like "cheating?" Is that perception justified?

With the evolution of software and bracketing, are we simply chasing a end-all, be-all look to a photograph? That is to say, I see a lot of helpful, and in most cases, by most posters, welcome'd critique that seemingly pushes folks, of many talent levels, towards a specific look?

What I mean is, while the feedback given is certainly the POV of the poster, just as the photo presented is the POV of the original poster, there is an awful lot of critique expressing a certain shutter speed is useful for water, and to more thread-appropriate extent, the desire to "bring out
...Show more

I think it's unnecessarily self-limiting to view software post-processing methods in this manner. They are merely tools to achieve an intended result. Their existence is not, in itself, the reason why people choose to use them, but rather, in most cases, they were developed as ways of overcoming limitations of the camera itself. For example, noise reduction is a way of coping with the inefficiency of passing light through a Bayer filter, smoothing out ADC artifacts, and dealing with the natural physics of photons. HDR is no different in this sense--it is a way of overcoming limitations of the capture device. Use it if you want. But it's not a requirement.

The takeaway is that human vision is a dynamic, self-adapting, physical and biological process, which is at once surprisingly simple and mysteriously complex. In some ways, cameras can do better, and in others, they fall short.



Nov 19, 2011 at 01:09 PM
chadbro
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p.1 #17 · convince me exposure fusion, blending, any sort of stacking is way different than HDR


As Sunny and Jim alluded to, one method offers subtle nuances that come with more sophistication and artistry. Jim mentioned the evolution of HDR software and overall better ability to create a natural looking image in HDR.

Sophistication was perhaps the wrong adjective to describe the software, but in the answers I am reading in this thread there has been an "improvement" in HDR software that more readily creates a natural looking scene.

It is true that the HDR "look" has carved out a certain niche that many folks appreciate and find desirable. I would agree that neither is more correct or wrong.

I do appreciate the exactness in your reply to my observation of Karel's post. I still feel that as a "measuring stick", the fact that the manual blender having experienced the scene has a better opportunity to re-create the scene than the optimization of a software. In that sense, I can appreciate that answer as a motivating factor in choosing one method over the other. I would also agree that a pre-determined software like exposure fusion has the same inherent issues/limitations as an HDR software.

In regards to sharpening and noise reduction, I agree entirely. Hence the impetus of my question.

As far as the last reply, I perhaps didn't pose the question concisely.

With our knowledge of post-processing techniques, are we involuntarily pre-disposed to see what could have been rather than what is? Does that limit our ability to appreciate the "what is"?



Nov 19, 2011 at 01:55 PM
alichty
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p.1 #18 · convince me exposure fusion, blending, any sort of stacking is way different than HDR


This discussion has blurred the lines between HDR which is the task of collecting the full range of exposure information and tone mapping which is the task of trying to compress that information so it can be presented to our typical output devices like a monitor or a jpeg image for the web which can never properly handle the full range of the HDR image. These are two completely different processes.

If you do some serious research on the topic (yes I have) you will find that what we are doing by blending is only a method of manually applying masks to the range of exposures which we have made into layers while HDR built them into a single layer that we can't really display. The HDR image itself is actually a perfectly correct digital representation of what we likely saw when we were setting up our equipment to capture the scene before us but our current generation of digital image hardware is no better equipped to display this than our camera sensors were to record what our eyes saw in the first place.

Tone mapping is a software technique that tries to interpret the HDR image into a compressed range that is viewable on a monitor or web page. How one applies the tone mapping processing to create a viewable image is really the key to the "problem" of HDR. In an automated form via Photoshop, Photomatix, NIK, and a ton of others you can make some really nice images IF you really have a clue about what you are doing. I have seen some stunning results in professional publications on how this can be used to tame some horrifying lighting conditions with results that look like I was standing in the scene in question. Sadly the defaults for these tools are rather pathetic until you can master the techniques.

The number of images I have seen on the web with that level of expertise applied to the tone mapping process is less than I can count on one hand and that is why I always come back to the basics of using the same images I would have handed over to HDR processing and hand blend them to keep the results within my own standards of trying to replicate the scene I saw when I set up for the shot. Push button processing typically yields push button results and that simply does not meet my own standards for the art of photography.

From what I have seen from "good" HDR workflows the photographers who can do this are in fact the same ones who already knew how to do blending work in darkrooms and in digital formats long before they ever saw HDR and tone mapping tools. HDR and tone mapping were simply new tools for getting results they already knew how to achieve in the first place.

My goal with my photography is to reproduce "what is" and not to recreate it in a cartoon world.



Nov 19, 2011 at 08:21 PM
gdanmitchell
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p.1 #19 · convince me exposure fusion, blending, any sort of stacking is way different than HDR


Mark Metternich wrote:
The 2 main reasons I don't use HRD software (Photomatix or Photoshop HDR...)... to process my images is that I can get BETTER results (yet more work) through advanced blending techniques.


I agree with Mark on this. I don't have a bone to pick with those who use HDR, but I think I get results that are more satisfying in terms of my photographic objectives by using other techniques, even though they may be more labor intensive and require a lot more personal intervention and decision making.

On the other hand, I've been surprised in the past year or so in discussions with some folks who have been pretty highly regarded for their work for a number of years and who you would not tend to associate with the more extreme HDR "styles," that they are using some HDR techniques and software in subtle and effective ways. This leads me to feel that HDR itself is not necessarily a bad thing - it is more a question of how it is used.

Dan

Edited on Nov 20, 2011 at 01:11 PM · View previous versions



Nov 20, 2011 at 01:34 AM
gdanmitchell
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p.1 #20 · convince me exposure fusion, blending, any sort of stacking is way different than HDR


curious80 wrote:
Thats an interest way to look at it. But doesn't that mean that you mainly need better manual control over the tone mapping process to be able to get the desired output from HDR.The HDR image (before tone mapping) has all the information about the scene that is needed and theoretically given an appropriate tone mapping it can produce the same output as exposure blending.


Not quite. A lot of the work for exposure blending is quite subjective, and involves some subtle decisions based on what you observe about the effect on the photograph as you work on it. For example, in my example above, in some places the blend between two images might be relatively abrupt while in others it might be much more feathered. And my decisions are not simply made on the basis of technical elements of the image - the luminosity of area A and the luminosity of area B - but of my personal knowledge of the original scene and what looks believable in that context.

Software lets us automate some things about post-processing in very useful ways. However, it is far from being able to make the best personal judgments about what best reflects the vision of a photographic artist, much less being able to actually have such a vision. I like to say that "a great photograph tells us more about the photographer than about the subject." When the software starts making creative decisions, the photograph tells us... about the software?

By the way, sophisticated use of what is normally called "exposure blending" ("fusion," in this context, is a new one for me) involves much more than simply selecting which of the component exposures has the best values for a large area of the image. It can start that way, but there is a lot more you can do.

Here is one example. Imagine a shadow area of the image. While you might simply use the brighter exposure of that whole area, you might also discover that this looks unnatural. So, you may modify the process in some or all of the following or even in other ways:

1. You might keep the overall darker image and create custom masks to allow only "spots" of the brighter image to apear.

2. You might do the opposite: work from the brighter image and partially darken them by introducing some percentage of the darker version by painting or otherwise creating a mask.

3. You might well apply independent luminosity curves to each of the exposure layers to optimize their contribution to the overall image.

4. In some cases you may even color balance the layers differently, for example in cases where the dark area has bluish shadow light and the dark areas have warmer light.

5. You can "spot blend" to deal with very small and very bright highlights - say a reflection of direct light on a granite rock or the surface of water.

Dan

Dan

Edited on Nov 20, 2011 at 01:12 PM · View previous versions



Nov 20, 2011 at 01:39 AM
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