There's a slew of different effects throughout the pics. That many pictures feels like a word puzzle...everytime you look at it, another photoshop tool pops out at you. You can achieve the sun rays through pixel stretching. you can get that almost painted look using PS art filters, like the dry brush. Then you can also play around with over sharpening the entire image in the final product, which can give you the sharply defined edges. The list is endless.
I saw an interview with Rarindra somewhere in which he was asked how he did what he did...as I remember he replied, "Thank you...come and visit my beautiful country."
I read through a few of his interviews too Jordan. He does some processing, but he depends heavily on the environment where he captures his images (time of day, fog, etc.). Hard to simulate real life, but I've seen some good results by a few.
