I doubt you could get enough DOF @ 500mm to keep both the mountain and moon in focus (as they are here). So I'd think this is photoshopped. Still a great image, though.
Believe it or not, that is an unaltered moon. I corrected WB and added some USM but that is it. I shot it with the 80-400VR at F8 and 330mm.
Here is another for perspective that includes my boat for scale, this time shot with the 105VR. The mountains are about 4 miles away and are only about 3,000 feet tall.
The image was taken in SE Alaska, just a few miles south of the mouth of Glacier Bay. It was about 630am so still a bit before the sunrise hit the mountain tops. Here is one more from the same morning, this time all the way out to 400mm.
The blue hue might be from a misfire on the auto WB. I used capture NX to develop this one and tried using a manual grey point and "calculate automatically". Less blue and more purple mountains. On the shot with the boat I was able to use the aluminum side of the wheel house to get a solid grey point but the lighting on the boat was different from the mountains. It took the blue/purple out of that one but to be honest I think the blue/purple was a natural predawn kind of lighting on the mountains. The image is certainly more interesting to me with the purple mountains.
Maybe I will get another chance tomorrow. Can't really count on clear skies here though.
I got lucky with the weather and got another shot at the moon this morning. It came up earlier and a different spot of course. In this one you can see the early morning jet from Anchorage heading to Seattle - jet trail is just catching some sunrise pink.