I've seen pictures of girls that dress like that before... isn't their style based on some kind of Japanese animal (I can't remember if it's the red panda or some kind of yeti-esque creature). I've always found Japanese sub-cultures fascinating. Do you have other photos of them? I'm sure the rest of her outfit was just as creative.
The style changes so dramatically between prefectures and in each changes weekly. It can be a full time job just trying to keep up. Shibuya style is fairly different than what you will see in Harajuku, which is different than what you will see in Omotesando and Ginza and Aoyama. Was the original photo taken on a Sunday? I know that's when the majority of the cosplay kids dress up, the rest of the week being a lot less dramatic (although still out there from American standards)