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Archive 2010 · Pixel density and motion blur

  
 
jprisching
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p.4 #1 · Pixel density and motion blur


ragebot wrote:
Seems to me you guys are talking about angular resolution; something astronomy guys talk about all the time. If your FOV is say 10 degrees and the bat motion goes across say 5 seconds of the 10 degree FOV during a 1/1000 second exposure that five seconds of the FOV will reflect more photons on the detectors of a Canon sensor than a Nikon sensor cuz the Canon sensor is 18mp and the Nikon sensor is 12mp. I would bet the roll off in the Canon image would be worse as well, since blur is basically poor roll off.



So is the only fix for this higher shutter speeds than you would normally need to stop the motion. I can remember where 1/1000 on film would stop just about everything, not so on digital.



Mar 13, 2010 at 09:07 PM
Nill Toulme
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p.4 #2 · Pixel density and motion blur


You're saying it hits more pixels? Yes, because there are more pixels in the frame. But it's not passing any more of the frame — i.e., it's still only 5 seconds of the 10 degree frame — so again, why should there be any more perceived motion blur?

I also don't understand what you mean by blur being roll off. Well, yes I do in the context of your earlier discussion of it, with respect to still images of sharp black lines and knife blades and whatnot. But not with respect to motion blur — you could have (theoretically) a camera with perfect (i.e., zero?) rolloff, and you could still produce plenty of motion blur with a moving subject and a slow shutter speed.

I'm getting confused again. I guess I need to see it. Where's this blog?

If this is correct, it means if I could fill the frame with a batter on my Mark II and stop the motion of the bat at maybe 1/2000, I will need 1/4000 (or so) to accomplish the same with the Mark IV. This is an unfortunate fact if true, because it means I lose to shutter speed one of the stops I've gained in ISO performance.

And it makes no sense to me whatsoever at the simplistic level at which my brain works.

Nill

Edited on Mar 13, 2010 at 09:19 PM · View previous versions



Mar 13, 2010 at 09:12 PM
ragebot
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p.4 #3 · Pixel density and motion blur


jprisching wrote:
First a slight correction, " will reflect more photons on the detectors" should read will reflect photons on more detectors".

So is the only fix for this higher shutter speeds than you would normally need to stop the motion. I can remember where 1/1000 on film would stop just about everything, not so on digital.


Well shutter speed is one factor in roll off, and if the subject motion moves over about 10 (not sure just what this number is, but 10 sounds OK for starters) pixels during the exposure you will probably get blur from roll off. But I have seen lots of claims (I don't shoot modern Nikons so I can't verify it) that Nikon uses more aggressive in camera sharpening than Canon does.



Mar 13, 2010 at 09:17 PM
ragebot
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p.4 #4 · Pixel density and motion blur


WARNING RANT ALERT

No camera has pixels. Sensors on digital cameras are composed of an array of detectors, sometimes called wells, that record croma and luma data to a file when some where around 10 photons are accumulated in the well during the exposure.

RANT END



Mar 13, 2010 at 09:20 PM
Nill Toulme
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p.4 #5 · Pixel density and motion blur


Fair enough, and thanks for the pointer on that.

Emended:

You're saying it hits more wells? Yes, because there are more wells in the frame. But it's not passing any more of the frame — i.e., it's still only 5 seconds of the 10 degree frame — so again, why should there be any more perceived motion blur?

I also don't understand what you mean by blur being roll off. Well, yes I do in the context of your earlier discussion of it, with respect to still images of sharp black lines and knife blades and whatnot. But not with respect to motion blur — you could have (theoretically) a camera with perfect (i.e., zero?) rolloff, and you could still produce plenty of motion blur with a moving subject and a slow shutter speed.

I'm getting confused again. I guess I need to see it. Where's this blog?

If this is correct, it means if I could fill the frame with a batter on my Mark II and stop the motion of the bat at maybe 1/2000, I will need 1/4000 (or so) to accomplish the same with the Mark IV. This is an unfortunate fact if true, because it means I lose to shutter speed one of the stops I've gained in ISO performance.

And it makes no sense to me whatsoever at the simplistic level at which my brain works.

Nill



Mar 13, 2010 at 09:23 PM
jprisching
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p.4 #6 · Pixel density and motion blur


ragebot wrote:
Well shutter speed is one factor in roll off, and if the subject motion moves over about 10 (not sure just what this number is, but 10 sounds OK for starters) pixels during the exposure you will probably get blur from roll off. But I have seen lots of claims (I don't shoot modern Nikons so I can't verify it) that Nikon uses more aggressive in camera sharpening than Canon does.


I got it. Many of us started thinking that Canon was fudging shutter speed numbers and that 1/1000 was really more like 1/500 because of the blur in portions of the image from movement we would see. And in Nikon at the same exposure/shutter speed we are not seeing this movement. A strange phenomenon for sure



Mar 13, 2010 at 09:23 PM
jprisching
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p.4 #7 · Pixel density and motion blur


Nill Toulme wrote:
Fair enough, and thanks for the pointer on that.

Emended:

You're saying it hits more wells? Yes, because there are more wells in the frame. But it's not passing any more of the frame — i.e., it's still only 5 seconds of the 10 degree frame — so again, why should there be any more perceived motion blur?

I also don't understand what you mean by blur being roll off. Well, yes I do in the context of your earlier discussion of it, with respect to still images of sharp black lines and knife blades and whatnot. But not with respect to
...Show more

Nill,
From my experience that is correct, you have to raise the shutter speed much higher than before on any film body. What use to be frozen at 1/1000 , is no longer and thus a higher shutter speed to get the same result. The thing is that on the Mark II, a bunch of us never saw this problem, but once the Mark 3 came out we started scratching our heads and wondering what was going on.



Mar 13, 2010 at 09:27 PM
Nill Toulme
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p.4 #8 · Pixel density and motion blur


Nikon vs. Canon? If this is true, won't the 12MP D3s be as much worse than the 8MP 1D Mark II as the 16MP Mark IV is than the D3s? Going forward, does Nikon maintain this advantage over Canon, if advantage it is, by always being careful to have fewer MP in its topline sports camera than the current Canon equivalent?

This is really making my head hurt, guys.

Nill



Mar 13, 2010 at 09:29 PM
Photon
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p.4 #9 · Pixel density and motion blur


Nill, I don't think you're confused, I think some people are confusing the issue.
For example, I would like to see an example of a sports image shot at 1/1000 sec on film, printed at 24x36, and scanned at sufficient res to match a 1D4 image at 100% (or of course just compare two large prints). I didn't shoot sports in my film days, unless you count a few college basketball shots, but I'm skeptical of some of the claims I'm seeing here. That is, I really think that if we are considering a particular fast action moment, shooting from a particular spot, and framing a particular way, motion blur will depend only on shutter speed. Motion blur may be masked or made apparent by other aspects of image sharpness, which will be affected by a host of factors (all of them probably mentioned in one post or another), but that one characteristic (motion blur) should not change with sensor resolution, sensor size, film to digital, or for that matter even lens resolution. Just keep in mind that when everything else that can yield a higher resolution, sharper image has been done, the effect of any motion blur will be maximized.

Edited on Mar 13, 2010 at 09:33 PM · View previous versions



Mar 13, 2010 at 09:30 PM
gdanmitchell
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p.4 #10 · Pixel density and motion blur


This might be sort of true if you are comparing cropped sensor DSLRs and 35mm film cameras using the same focal length lenses. Here, the cause could be the fact that the angle of view from a given lens is smaller, therefore a given range of motion travels through a larger percentage of the image width/height in a fixed amount of time.

However, if you use the same shutter speed, lenses that provide the same angle of view on the cameras being compared, there is no way that an arm can move further in 1/1000 of a second when photographed by a digital camera than it does when photographed by a film camera.

Dan

jprisching wrote:
I am not talking about viewing images on a screen. My point is that many of us who shoot Pro sports have realized that shutter speeds we once used to stop or freeze action is no longer stopping the action. For instance the bat, on a swing, or arm movement on players that we never saw before while shooting in the film days at the same shutter speeds. If there is blur in a certain part of an image from movement, like a bat swinging or arms moving a high shutter speed should stop that. many of us are finding
...Show more



Mar 13, 2010 at 09:32 PM
gdanmitchell
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p.4 #11 · Pixel density and motion blur


jprisching wrote:
I got it. Many of us started thinking that Canon was fudging shutter speed numbers and that 1/1000 was really more like 1/500 because of the blur in portions of the image from movement we would see. And in Nikon at the same exposure/shutter speed we are not seeing this movement. A strange phenomenon for sure


Oh, man. Please, let's not start a nonsensical rumor like that one, OK?

Think this though. Let's say that 1/1000 second on a Canon DSLR is actually 1/500 of a second - for argument only. It follows that 1/10 of a second would then have to be 1/5 of a second, and 1 second would have to be a 2 second exposure, too. Anyone noticed that their 1 second exposures take two seconds? How about 15 second exposures now taking 30 seconds? I didn't think so.

I can hear it now. They must "scale" the adjustment as the shutter speed slows down. Please explain how that might be possible, keeping in mind the three-way relationship between ISO, shutter speed, and aperture.

Sheesh...



Mar 13, 2010 at 09:36 PM
gdanmitchell
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p.4 #12 · Pixel density and motion blur


AJSJones wrote:
Different folks learn in different ways.

All I was saying was - think about what causes blur in your image, and think about how much it's going to be enlarged when you print it. Couldn't be simpler !


Hey, you beat me on the simplification challenge. :-)

Dan



Mar 13, 2010 at 09:37 PM
Photon
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p.4 #13 · Pixel density and motion blur


One way we could test this empirically would be to photograph a clock pendulum as it passes through vertical (highest velocity). A few shots with each camera should yield samples that catch it at the vertical moment, so the velocity would be consistent. Arrange each shot to be framed identically. Equalize the print or screen size of each camera's output, and compare.

Modern shutters are quite accurate; sufficiently so, I should think, that motion blur wouldn't be affected by variations. Nope, sorry, I don't have time to do this, but wouldn't it be a fairer comparison than anecdotes about old and new sports shots?

Or maybe not, but if the experienced sports shooters are convinced they need higher speeds with the higher res bodies, are they doing any comparisons with output sizes equalized, rather than all at 100%? It's beginning to have a bit of a deja vu aspect, like Brainiac's struggle to get people to see that judgments of noise should be made at the level of the entire image, rather than at pixel level.



Mar 13, 2010 at 09:44 PM
jprisching
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p.4 #14 · Pixel density and motion blur


Photon wrote:
Nill, I don't think you're confused, I think some people are confusing the issue.
For example, I would like to see an example of a sports image shot at 1/1000 sec on film, printed at 24x36, and scanned at sufficient res to match a 1D4 image at 100% (or of course just compare two large prints). I didn't shoot sports in my film days, unless you count a few college basketball shots, but I'm skeptical of some of the claims I'm seeing here. That is, I really think that if we are considering a particular fast action moment, shooting from a
...Show more


If the image is sharp on film, I dont think it matters what size print you make, the image is sharp. period. If the swing bat is frozen and tack sharp, it will be sharp on the print. This phenomenon has been battered around by many of us shooting pro sports who are seeing motion blur in images since the Mark 3, where there should be none and I am intrigued about this angular resolution angle. Simply, in the film days 1/2000 of a second was very rarely shot or needed to stop a bat or arms moving . But know, many of us are having to shoot at that or higher to achieve less motion blur. While shooting film and basketball, you never needed to shoot at 1/1000 of a second to freeze a player's arms while driving to the basket, but for some reason know you do.

Edited on Mar 13, 2010 at 09:48 PM · View previous versions



Mar 13, 2010 at 09:44 PM
ragebot
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p.4 #15 · Pixel density and motion blur


Wow I am having trouble with copying and pasting so I am just gonna start fresh.

Dick Lyons has a nice video some where on the web about pixels that explains things very well, but I cant seem to find the link just now. It was in a talk he gave at Cal Tec.

One of his points is that not all pixels are created equal. Clearly an 8 bit file has fewer colors than a 64 bit file; but there is more to it than that. A Bayer sensor is guessing what the data about 60% of its detectors collected because of the mask. Combined with the less than perfect optics and software issues makes the roll off even worse.

But even if we grant the best optics and best exposure there is another issue in the Nikon v Canon stuff. For what ever reason there are lots of posts about how Nikon uses more aggressive in camera sharpening and lower pixel density to produce sharper straight out of the camera images while Canon uses denser pixels and less in camera sharpening to allow more detail to be brought out with effective post processing.

One thing I have noticed is that with a 1d4 I seem to use the unsharp mask a lot less than with my 1d2; but still more than with my Sigma bodies. I also seem to be cropping much more at 100% crops with the 1d4 than the 1d2.

There have also been tons of threads about the MP wars and how some of the P&S digi cams have silly MP numbers, if the IQ of the images they produce are used as a judge.

While we like to think science always has the answer I sometimes thing we forget how much art fits into the picture. There is a trade off between pixel density (the d3 has great low light ability, while the 1d4 has more detail), file size, burst rate, and many other factors in creating a DSLR.

The 1d4 allows me to consistently capture images with IQ that meets my standards; more so than any other body I have. If another body could do that I would buy it.



Mar 13, 2010 at 09:45 PM
Nill Toulme
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p.4 #16 · Pixel density and motion blur


jprisching wrote:
If the image is sharp on film, I dont think it matters what size print you make, the image is sharp. period. If the swing bat is frozen and tack sharp, it will be sharp on the print.


I don't think so. Witness the fact, for example, that the venerable 1/focal length "rule of thumb" assumes, as I recall, not only a 35mm frame but also an 8x10 print. For a 16x24, you're supposed to bump your shutter speed.

I also don't think there's any such thing (yet, for practical purposes) as "tack sharp." These are all matters both of degree and perception and, ultimately, definition. What appears "tack sharp" from three feet away may not under a loupe.

This phenomenon has been battered around by many of us shooting pro sports who are seeing motion blur in images since the Mark 3, where there should be none and I am intrigued about this angular resolution angle. Simply, in the film days 1/2000 of a second was very rarely shot or needed to stop a bat or arms moving . But know, many of us are having to shoot at that or higher to achieve less motion blur. While shooting film and basketball, you never needed to shoot at 1/1000 of a second to freeze a player's arms while driving...Show more

This baffles and troubles me.

Nill



Mar 13, 2010 at 09:53 PM
ragebot
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p.4 #17 · Pixel density and motion blur


jprisching wrote:
SNIP

If the image is sharp on film, I dont think it matters what size print you make, the image is sharp. period. SNIP


Well this has not been my experience. I have plenty of negatives I could print at 8X10 and they looked fine, but at 18X24 they were soft. If you have ever put a negative in an enlarger and cranked it up to the top of the rail and focused you can clearly see the grains of the silver halide and when you print it at that size it is far from sharp. You can enlarge bigger with panx than with trix, but at some point you have to stop.



Mar 13, 2010 at 09:54 PM
Photon
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p.4 #18 · Pixel density and motion blur


jprisching wrote:
If the image is sharp on film, I dont think it matters what size print you make, the image is sharp. period. If the swing bat is frozen and tack sharp, it will be sharp on the print. This phenomenon has been battered around by many of us shooting pro sports who are seeing motion blur in images since the Mark 3, where there should be none and I am intrigued about this angular resolution angle. Simply, in the film days 1/2000 of a second was very rarely shot or needed to stop a bat or arms moving . But
...Show more
I'm sure you're right about your work and what you see, but I don't remember seeing any film shots of bats on (or near) the ball that were really sharp. Even newsprint reproductions sometimes revealed some motion blur. I think our standards are higher because the high ISO and shutter speed capabilities of contemporary cameras allow such high overall image sharpness and detail.

By the way, Canon introduced shutter speeds of 1/4000 and 1/8000 before DSLRs left their $25,000 studio camera roots. Those speeds were hawked as great for stopping action. I wasn't doing that kind of shooting, so I have no knowledge of whether field sports shooters actually used them.



Mar 13, 2010 at 09:55 PM
Nill Toulme
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p.4 #19 · Pixel density and motion blur


ragebot wrote:
...One of his points is that not all pixels are created equal. Clearly an 8 bit file has fewer colors than a 64 bit file; but there is more to it than that. A Bayer sensor is guessing what the data about 60% of its detectors collected because of the mask. ...


Yeah, I was starting to wonder if maybe we're getting into quantum effects here. Heisenberg's uncertainty about Schrodinger's cat and whatnot. The Canon sensors are predicting that the bat's image is going to cross their realm, and ingeniously producing their prescient motion blur well in advance.

Nill



Mar 13, 2010 at 09:56 PM
uz2work
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p.4 #20 · Pixel density and motion blur


Photon wrote:
Nill, I don't think you're confused, I think some people are confusing the issue.
For example, I would like to see an example of a sports image shot at 1/1000 sec on film, printed at 24x36, and scanned at sufficient res to match a 1D4 image at 100% (or of course just compare two large prints). I didn't shoot sports in my film days, unless you count a few college basketball shots, but I'm skeptical of some of the claims I'm seeing here. That is, I really think that if we are considering a particular fast action moment, shooting from a
...Show more

I believe that most of the incorrect judgments being by people when they are comparing two cameras with significantly different numbers of pixels or different pixel densities come as the result making the same error when doing that comparison. And that error is to compare images from the two cameras at 100%. Doing so will result in incorrect conclusions about image sharpness, noise, and image quality in general.

Jens Dresling may well be an excellent photographer, but I would guess that he is making that same mistake. If you compare an image taken with a 1D Mark II at 100% to an image taken with a 1D Mark IV at 100%, you are, in essence, magnifying a portion of the 1D Mark IV image twice as much as you are magnifying the comparable portion of the the 1D Mark II image. And you are, thus, also magnifying any motion blur (or camera shake) twice as much also. Doing so, therefore, might lead one to the incorrect conclusion that, for the same sized print, you needed to double your shutter speed when using the 1D Mark IV. As most who have contributed to this thread earlier concluded, that simply is not the case. The more accurate comparison would be to compare the 1D Mark II image at 100% to a 1D Mark IV image at 50%. Doing that would be using comparable portions of the images from both cameras. And I'm confident that the result of doing so would be that both images would show similar amounts of motion blur. As stated by several earlier, if you are planning to print the 1D Mark IV image at twice the size of the 1D Mark II image (or crop it twice as deeply), then, yes, you will need faster shutter speeds to compensate for the greater magnification of the motion blur in the larger print (or more heavily cropped image), but, for the same size prints or the same amount of cropping, the same shutter speeds should be sufficient for both cameras.

Not only does this make logical sense, but I've used a 1D Mark II and am now using a 1D Mark IV. I've used a 40D, and I'm now using a 7D. Having taken thousands of pictures with each of these cameras, I'm absolutely certain that, for the same sized print output (or the same amount of cropping), the same shutter speeds will be needed with the 1D Mark II as the 1D Mark IV or with the 40D and 7D. On the other hand, if I know that I am going to want to be able to print larger or that I'm going to have to crop more, I consciously seek to use higher shutter speeds to compensate for the fact that I'm going to be enlarging the image more and, therefore, also magnifying blur to a greater extent.

As long as people insist on comparing cameras with different pixel counts at 100%, no matter how good the actual images from the cameras with more pixels may look, those people are never going to be happy with the newer cameras with more pixels, and they should probably be using a D30 or a 1D. Even though the overall image won't be as good as that from a 7D or a 1D Mark IV, those 100% crops from the D30 or 1D will look great, and they will be able to continue to believe that the D30 or 1D produces better images that are sharper, have less noise, require slower shutter speeds, etc.

Les


Edited on Mar 13, 2010 at 10:01 PM · View previous versions



Mar 13, 2010 at 09:57 PM
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