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Archive 2020 · Z6: hundreds of hot pixels?

  
 
GroovyGeek
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p.1 #1 · Z6: hundreds of hot pixels?


A few weeks ago I did some MW photography for the first time in a while. When processing the photo today I noticed a surprisingly large number of hot pixels. Took a test shot tonight, pitch dark closet, cap on, camera wrapped in a jacket to ensure no light leaks. Have not quantified them rigorously yet, but a simple extrapolation suggests over 200 hot pixels total.

I do not recall seeing anything like that on my D800. Have a support question out to Nikon, but based on the documentation they will just tell me to turn on long exposure NR.

What is the general experience with hot pixels? Videos on YouTube show examples with shockingly high number of hot pixels, sometimes countin into the thousants.

Edited on Jun 01, 2020 at 01:15 AM · View previous versions



May 31, 2020 at 11:12 PM
lukemeup
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p.1 #2 · Z6: hundreds of hot pixels?


I just took a couple of photos with the lens cap on. Tried 10 sec at base iso - zero & 1/1000 at iso 800 - zero.


May 31, 2020 at 11:42 PM
lukemeup
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p.1 #3 · Z6: hundreds of hot pixels?


https://photographylife.com/dead-vs-stuck-vs-hot-pixels

Decent read about the issue.

"I personally do not care about those, because Lightroom and Photoshop Camera RAW automatically map those out when I import RAW images. If you only shoot JPEG, then it will take a little more time to map those pixels in post-processing, since you have to touch every image. There are some programs out there that will look for pixel patterns and fix JPEG images in batches, so you can more or less automate the process as well.

If you see stuck pixels at low ISOs like ISO 100 and 200 and you exclusively shoot in JPEG, then you can send your camera for service to get those pixels remapped. As for hot pixels that show up only at high ISOs and longer exposures – those are very normal to have. Don’t send your camera to the manufacturer to remap those, since they will come back in different spots later for sure. Again, if you shoot in RAW, Lightroom/Camera RAW will take care of those."



May 31, 2020 at 11:52 PM
hans98ko
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p.1 #4 · Z6: hundreds of hot pixels?


Title should be:
Sony Sensor: hundreds of hot pixels?
To be precise.🤣
Didn't those Sony fans like to take pride on Nikon sensors made by them? Well, they should take pride of their poor processes and quality control too.

Edited on Jun 01, 2020 at 05:45 AM · View previous versions



Jun 01, 2020 at 04:34 AM
AcuteShadows
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p.1 #5 · Z6: hundreds of hot pixels?


Two consecutive automatic sensor cleaning activations will map those pixels.


Jun 01, 2020 at 05:45 AM
hans98ko
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p.1 #6 · Z6: hundreds of hot pixels?


As one who have worked with many sensor manufacturers, I can assure you that all sensors will have some defective pixels or known as hot/cold pixels. But they should not be visible to the naked eyes and should never be group or concentrated together even under an electron microscope. Normally those defective pixels are mapped out and locked before leaving the factories.
If one is seeing them after shipments, that is because more are failing due to poor processes and that is not good news even knowing that they can be further map out by the users. One or two at a time is okay. But not hundreds.
Reason is even they are being mapped out, they will still affect the overall image due to image processing that will still have to apply the map out log to interpolate the missing information to be replace with interpolated ones.
Now, you see why I said is good to first use the original software that comes with the camera before porting over to 3rd party software. That is because no one else knows where the logs are hidden and how to define them.



Jun 01, 2020 at 06:04 AM
snapsy
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p.1 #7 · Z6: hundreds of hot pixels?


Dark current noise is a function of exposure time and sensor temperature. Depending on those two variables any sensor can exhibit hundreds or thousands of hot pixels.


Jun 01, 2020 at 07:30 AM
hans98ko
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p.1 #8 · Z6: hundreds of hot pixels?


Digital noise and defective pixels can be easily identified. Digital noise is random, which means it can be all over the sensor during different exposures especially long exposures, while dead pixels remains at the same locations no matter what exposures one is using.


Jun 01, 2020 at 07:57 AM
snapsy
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p.1 #9 · Z6: hundreds of hot pixels?


hans98ko wrote:
Digital noise and defective pixels can be easily identified. Digital noise is random, which means it can be all over the sensor during different exposures especially long exposures, while dead pixels remains at the same locations no matter what exposures one is using.


The OP sees the hot pixels at long exposures so it's the latter in this case. There is something in between called warm pixels that is a function of non-uniformity of pixels - they will be at fixed locations but will still require long exposures to manifest visually.



Jun 01, 2020 at 08:34 AM
chez
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p.1 #10 · Z6: hundreds of hot pixels?


hans98ko wrote:
Title should be:
Sony Sensor: hundreds of hot pixels?
To be precise.🤣
Didn't those Sony fans like to take pride on Nikon sensors made by them? Well, they should take pride of their poor processes and quality control too.


Now we know what Sony does with their sensor rejects.



Jun 01, 2020 at 08:57 AM
hans98ko
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p.1 #11 · Z6: hundreds of hot pixels?


What we were not told is did it happened only recently and not before? The next thing is did the OP do lots of video on his camera? These information can also help us to narrow down the cause.
Still cameras are not like video cameras with their inbuilt cooling systems. Overheating which was extremely obvious when the Zzz first came out when I handled them. Even though Nikon has updated their firmwares to reduce it, overheating can still cause permanent damage to the sensor. All still cameras have this issue including DSLR if using LV for long periods. Just feel the heat by handling it. And that is why I keep telling people if they intended to shoot video, use a video camera and not a still.
In order to overcome it, they will have to increase the size and that defeats the purpose of using mirrorless.



Jun 01, 2020 at 09:03 AM
hans98ko
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p.1 #12 · Z6: hundreds of hot pixels?




chez wrote:
Now we know what Sony does with their sensor rejects.

👍🤣



Jun 01, 2020 at 09:09 AM
sjms
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p.1 #13 · Z6: hundreds of hot pixels?


hans98ko wrote:
What we were not told is did it happened only recently and not before? The next thing is did the OP do lots of video on his camera? These information can also help us to narrow down the cause.
Still cameras are not like video cameras with their inbuilt cooling systems. Overheating which was extremely obvious when the Zzz first came out when I handled them. Even though Nikon has updated their firmwares to reduce it, overheating can still cause permanent damage to the sensor. All still cameras have this issue including DSLR if using LV for long periods. Just feel
...Show more

could you reference where it is said that when Nikon updated their firmware to reduce over heating and in which update that was installed?

from the Nikon website from most recent to original:

Changes from “C” Firmware Version 2.20 to 3.00
• Added support for ProGrade and Lexar CFexpress memory cards (Type B) and confirmed operation with SanDisk CFexpress memory cards (Type B). For more information, see the Nikon website for your country or region.
• Custom Setting a4 (Auto-area AF face/eye detection) now offers an Animal detection option that adds dogs and cats to the subjects supported by face- and eye-detection autofocus. As a result, the camera can now detect and focus on the faces and eyes of dogs and cats. Animal face detection (but not eye detection) is also available in movie mode.
• Improved the functionality of subject-tracking AF (available when Auto-area AF is selected for AF-area mode) as follows:
- Subject-tracking AF can now be initiated via the Fn1 or Fn2 button on the camera or the Fn1 or Fn2 button on the lens. Subject-tracking AF must first be assigned to the control using Custom Setting f2 (Custom control assignment) in Group f (Controls) of the CUSTOM SETTING MENU or Custom Setting g2 (Custom control assignment).
- When AF-C (continuous-servo autofocus) is selected in photo mode, the operation of subject-tracking AF has changed as follows:
If subject-tracking AF is initiated by pressing the AF-ON button or by pressing the shutter-release button halfway, releasing the button ends tracking. Ending tracking by releasing the button restores the focus point in effect before tracking started. The intent of this change is to replicate the behavior of digital SLR cameras when 3D-tracking is selected.
• Custom Setting f2 (Custom control assignment) in Group f (Controls) of the CUSTOM SETTING MENU now offers a Lens Fn2 button option, which can be used to choose the role played by the L-Fn2 button available on certain Z mount lenses (as of February 12, 2020, only the NIKKOR Z 70–200mm f/2.8 VR S).
• Added support for the focus limit switch available on certain Z mount lenses (as of February 12, 2020, only the NIKKOR Z 70–200mm f/2.8 VR S).
• Optimized the responsiveness of the switch to manual focus when the focus or control ring on a Z mount lens is rotated during autofocus. Note that the control ring only functions in this capacity when assigned the Focus (M/A) role.
• Fixed the following issues:
- When Viewfinder brightness was adjusted manually, brightness would sometimes change when the standby timer was restarted.
- iOS devices running iOS 13 would sometimes display a Bluetooth pairing request when pairing was complete.
Note: For information on the license for the open-source software included in the camera’s NVM Express driver, see “BSD License (NVM Express Driver)”.

Changes from “C” Firmware Version 2.10 to 2.20
• Added support for Type B Sony CFexpress memory cards.
Note: For information on the license for the open-source software included in the camera’s NVM Express driver, see “BSD License (NVM Express Driver)”.
• Added support for distortion control with AF-S NIKKOR 120–300mm f/2.8E FL ED SR VR F-mount lenses.
• Fixed an issue that resulted in colored lines appearing at the bottom of the display when pictures shot in demo mode with FX (36x24) selected for image area were viewed at zoom ratios over 100%.
Changes from “C” Firmware Version 2.01 to 2.10
• Added supported for optical VR with NIKKOR Z DX 16–50mm f/3.5–6.3 VR and NIKKOR Z DX 50–250mm f/4.5–6.3 VR Z-mount lenses. Note that attaching these lenses disables the Mechanical shutter option for Custom Setting d5 (Shutter type) in Group d (Shooting/display) of the CUSTOM SETTING MENU, leaving a choice of Auto and Electronic front-curtain shutter options only.
• ISO sensitivity can now be adjusted using the lens control ring, and ISO sensitivity has been added to the options available for Custom Setting f2 (Custom control assignment) > Lens control ring in Group f (Controls) of the CUSTOM SETTING MENU.
• As of November 14, 2019, the aperture display in the lens info panel for NIKKOR Z 24–70mm f/2.8 S and NIKKOR Z 58mm f/0.95 S Noct lenses shows both the current aperture and adjacent aperture values in modes A and M.
• When On was selected for Auto ISO sensitivity control and an option that does not include “slow sync” was selected for Flash mode, shutter speed was formerly restricted to values between those chosen for Custom Settings e1 (Flash sync speed) and e2 (Flash shutter speed), but this has now been changed to match the behavior of digital SLR cameras, with the result that the minimum shutter speed now corresponds to the value selected for Auto ISO sensitivity control > Minimum shutter speed.
• Fixed an issue that in extremely rare cases resulted in the camera failing to correctly record movies with 1920x1080; 120p selected for Frame size/frame rate.
• Fixed an issue that occasionally resulted in “noise” in the form of white lines at the bottom of the display when the electronic viewfinder was on.
• Fixed an issue that in rare cases resulted in “noise” in the form of fine horizontal lines appearing throughout the frame in movies and the live view display.
• Fixed errors in the UTC time zones for the following three cities in the Time zone and date > Time zone display in the SETUP MENU:
Caracas: was -4:30, is now -4:00
Casablanca: was 00:00, is now +1:00
Ankara: was +2:00, is now +3:00
• Fixed an issue that resulted in an incorrect date of creation being displayed in the Windows 10 “properties” dialogs for movies and time-lapse movies created with the camera, as well as copies created with camera movie editing controls.

Changes from “C” Firmware Version 2.00 to 2.01
Fixed the following issues:
• If the camera detected faces during still photography or movie recording at the settings listed below, it would in very rare instances begin to respond more slowly, display an error, or stop responding altogether.
Still Photography
- Auto-area AF selected for AF-area mode in the PHOTO SHOOTING MENU
- Face and eye detection on or Face detection on selected for Custom Setting a4 (Auto-area AF face/eye detection) in the CUSTOM SETTING MENU
Movie Recording
- Auto-area AF selected for AF-area mode in the MOVIE SHOOTING MENU
- Face and eye detection on or Face detection on selected for Custom Setting a4 (Auto-area AF face/eye detection) in the CUSTOM SETTING MENU
• In very rare instances, the bottoms of pictures taken with all the following settings in effect would not appear as expected:
- Mode dial rotated to AUTO, P, or A
- An NEF (RAW) option selected for Image quality in the PHOTO SHOOTING MENU
- 14-bit selected for NEF (RAW) recording > NEF (RAW) bit depth in the PHOTO SHOOTING MENU
- Auto selected for Custom Setting d5 (Shutter type) in the CUSTOM SETTING MENU
- Continuous H (extended) release mode selected with the release mode/self-timer button

Changes from “C” Firmware Version 1.01 to 2.00
• Added eye-detection AF for use when taking photographs. To enable eye-detection AF, select:
- AF-S or AF-C for Focus mode in the PHOTO SHOOTING MENU
- Auto-area AF for AF-area mode in the PHOTO SHOOTING MENU
- Face and eye detection on for Custom Setting a4 (Auto-area AF face/eye detection) in the CUSTOM SETTING MENU
If the camera detects the face of a portrait subject, the face will be enclosed in an amber border indicating the focus point. If the subject’s eyes are detected, an amber border indicating the focus point will appear around either eye. If the camera detects more than one face or eye, triangles will appear to either side of the focus point; to position the focus point over a different face or eye, press the multi- or sub-selector left or right.
• Improved autofocus performance for photos and movies shot under low light: -3.5 – 19 EV (low light autofocus -6 – 19 EV), measured in photo mode with single-servo AF (AF-S) at ISO 100 and 20°C with an f/2 lens.
• The following improvements have been made to the Continuous H (extended) option for Release mode:
- Not only focus but now also exposure will respond to changes in the subject during shooting
- The burst shooting display after the memory buffer fills is now easier to read
• Reduced the length of time the display turns off (the blackout period) when pictures are taken with On or On (monitor only) selected for Image review in the PLAYBACK MENU.
• Item d5 in the CUSTOM SETTING MENU, formerly Electronic front-curtain shutter, has been renamed Shutter type and offers a choice of Auto, Mechanical shutter, and Electronic front-curtain shutter. If Auto is selected, the camera will automatically choose a shutter type according to shutter speed.
• Changed the color the focus point turns when the AF-ON button is pressed or the shutter-release button is pressed halfway with Auto-area AF selected and face detection or target tracking active.
• Edited and revised help text.
• Fixed the following issues:
- The camera would stop responding if certain operations were performed while HDMI output was in progress with 3840 x 2160 (4K UHD) selected for frame size.
- The value selected for maximum sensitivity would sometimes be exceeded during movie recording in mode M with On selected for Auto ISO control (mode M) if Active D-Lighting was enabled.
- The items in My Menu would sometimes not display correctly.

Changes from “C” Firmware Version 1.00 to 1.01
• When On is selected for HDMI > Advanced > N-Log setting in the SETUP MENU, Maximum sensitivity now takes effect during movie recording if:
- the camera is in mode P (programmed auto), S (shutter-priority auto), or A (aperture-priority auto), or
- the camera is in mode M (manual) and On is selected for ISO sensitivity settings > Auto ISO control (mode M) in the MOVIE SHOOTING MENU.
• Fixed an issue that resulted in third-party software showing an incorrect value for the Exif 35 mm format equivalent focal length field for photographs taken with a non-CPU lens connected via an FTZ mount adapter with the focal length specified using the Non-CPU lens data item in the SETUP MENU.
• Fixed an issue that resulted in photographs taken using optional flash units being overexposed if a face was detected in flash modes in which Auto-area AF would be selected for AF-area mode.
• Fixed an issue that resulted in an incorrect aperture being selected in mode P (programmed auto) with a flash mounted on the camera under conditions in which f/32 would normally be selected.
• Fixed an issue which prevented flash units controlled via radio Advanced Wireless Lighting syncing with shutter speeds of 1/100 s or faster with:
- On selected for Flicker reduction shooting in the PHOTO SHOOTING MENU and
- Enable selected for Custom Setting d5 (Electronic front-curtain shutter) in the CUSTOM SETTING MENU.



Jun 01, 2020 at 10:05 AM
Tartine
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p.1 #14 · Z6: hundreds of hot pixels?


GroovyGeek wrote:
A few weeks ago I did some MW photography for the first time in a while. When processing the photo today I noticed a surprisingly large number of hot pixels. Took a test shot tonight, pitch dark closet, cap on, camera wrapped in a jacket to ensure no light leaks. Have not quantified them rigorously yet, but a simple extrapolation suggests over 200 hot pixels total.

I do not recall seeing anything like that on my D800. Have a support question out to Nikon, but based on the documentation they will just tell me to turn on long exposure NR.

What is
...Show more

All cameras that have digital sensors have hot or dead pixels. This will increase over time, so camera algorithms routinely do a remap. The only way to avoid dead or hot pixels is to not shoot digital. Every 3-4 times I turn on my sony A73, it does the 4-5 second pause and auto shutter actuation for a remap. You can also do a manual remap if you notice it. If you returned your camera every time you noticed a dead pixel, you'd pretty much get a new camera every week.

The fact that you did not recall seeing something on the D800 doesn't mean it wasn't present in that camera. Likely you're seeing it more in the Z because the D800 had more noise in general, and less advanced remapping and denoising algorithms.

Also.. the Z6 has something like 24 million pixels, so 200 dead pixels is what like 0.0008%. Not sure if it's worth worrying about, especially considering a simple remap will make it unnoticeable in RAW.



Jun 01, 2020 at 10:35 AM
Steve Spencer
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p.1 #15 · Z6: hundreds of hot pixels?


GroovyGeek wrote:
Took a test shot tonight... camera wrapped in a jacket ...



I wonder if wrapping the camera in a jacket may have led to more overheating than usual and the OP wasn't seeing dead pixels but just the result of overheating the camera because it was wrapped in a jacket. Obviously the camera was not designed to be shot this way and it might lead to less than optimum results.



Jun 01, 2020 at 10:45 AM
hans98ko
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p.1 #16 · Z6: hundreds of hot pixels?


sjms
By now you should know that not all changes are listed, this has been going on since the days of DSLRs and not just started since mirrorless.
So how do one explain the higher temperature of the cameras during initial operation compared to that of after firmware release. If no change then why the difference in temperature?
Do you remember anywhere stated that after firmware update will bar the use of 3rd party batteries?



Jun 01, 2020 at 10:47 AM
Tartine
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p.1 #17 · Z6: hundreds of hot pixels?


Steve Spencer wrote:
I wonder if wrapping the camera in a jacket may have led to more overheating than usual and the OP wasn't seeing dead pixels but just the result of overheating the camera because it was wrapped in a jacket. Obviously the camera was not designed to be shot this way and it might lead to less than optimum results.


I beg to differ. I believe Arri offers a $20k jacket wrap upgrade for Alexas, with a $1000 Arri branded bungie cord option. Button and zipper delete on the jacket is $5000 extra.



Jun 01, 2020 at 10:57 AM
hans98ko
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p.1 #18 · Z6: hundreds of hot pixels?


Am I reading right? A $20,000 jacket for wrapping around a camera, or did I misinterpreted it?
Wow! Some are really going cookoo on how they spend their money. 😀



Jun 01, 2020 at 11:06 AM
James Farrell
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p.1 #19 · Z6: hundreds of hot pixels?


AcuteShadows wrote:
Two consecutive automatic sensor cleaning activations will map those pixels.


Thom Hogan’s eBook on the Z6 and Z7 addresses this, as you have mentioned, on page 126. Manually activating the Clean Sensor Now does a sensor discharge before the vibration clean. Repeating it a few times, according to Hogan, seems to remove temporary stray electrons. And he does mention that current versions of LR/PS will deal with them in raw files. I am no expert on this stuff. Just repeating what I read.



Jun 01, 2020 at 11:31 AM
Tartine
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p.1 #20 · Z6: hundreds of hot pixels?


It was a joke

hans98ko wrote:
Am I reading right? A $20,000 jacket for wrapping around a camera, or did I misinterpreted it?
Wow! Some are really going cookoo on how they spend their money. 😀




Jun 01, 2020 at 11:45 AM
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