Jesse Evans Offline Upload & Sell: On
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Imagemaster wrote:
https://www.mirrorlessons.com/2016/02/08/aperture-equivalent-sensor-size/
That is because ISO is a standard that is adopted by digital cameras to mimic the ratios of film speed and aperture required to match those required by film with the same ISO rating.
Pixels that are smaller require additional amplification to reach the same ISO rating.
A full frame 20mp like the Canon R6 has 6.54 micrometer wide photosites. This means it has roughly 6.54*6.54=42.77 square micrometers in area per photosite.
A micro 4/3 camera like the Olympus OM-1 has 3.36 micrometer wide photosites. This means it has roughly 3.36*3.36=11.29 square micrometers in area per photosite.
That means for the exact same intensity of light that is hitting the 20mp sensor, the micro 4/3 sensor only has around 1/4 the area per pixel to collect light and generate a signal. This reduction in area of about 1/4 results in the about 2 stop reduction in light collection.
In order to maintain the same ratio between ISO <> Shutter Speed <> Aperture, 4 times the gain is applied to the micro 4/3 photosite to match the same signal generated by the same light hitting the much larger area of the full frame sensor photosite. All cameras have their sensors gain tuned to roughly match their target ISO ratings, that is why you don't see things over and underexposed. Instead, you see differences manifested in noise, dynamic range, and depth of field.
If the pixels are collecting 1/4 of the amount of light as the full frame sensor due to being 1/4 of the size, then you must also then accept that all pixels working together are also collecting 1/4 of the amount of light across the entire sensor.
You may notice also that in spite of being the widest of the options, your A7r II has significantly less depth of field than either of the other two options. That is because the aperture width (in millimeters, not in f-stops) dictates the amount of light being collected at any given angle of view, and the aperture width also dictates the amount of background blur (which is also a result of allowing more light to be able to enter the wider aperture opening).
The Panasonic option has a 25/1.4=17.9mm aperture
The Fuji option has a 35/1.4=24mm aperture
The Sony option has a 55/1.8=30.55mm aperture
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