JimFox
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Hey Nick,
First off, as easy as it might look to see other peoples star/Milky Way shots, to shoot them is really involved and will require trial and error on your part. But if these are some of your first efforts, you are not doing too bad.
2 suggestions.
1st, for focusing don't focus on the stars. If you are focusing on the stars you have focused too late. Right after sunset, before it gets too dark, you need to open your aperture to f2.8 and focus and then tape down your focus ring (and zoom ring) so they don't move. With the examples you are showing, myself I would have focused on that tree on the left horizon. It would give you a nice contrast line to focus on, focusing using your center focus point(I don't use the Live View). The DOF will then be enough to get the trees sharp and the stars sharp or sharp enough that they only require a little sharpening.
2nd, make sure you are shooting the stars/Milky Way when the moon is behind you and is in smaller phase. It can provide enough light to light up your foreground for you but not enough then to wash out the stars as seen in several of your shots where the Milky Way is kind of washed out. I try to time to shoot the MW just as the small moon is about to set behind me so I can get the best of both worlds.
When it comes to ISO and shutter lengths, there will be some difference of opinion, and what is acceptable in terms of star movement can vary. I would say 30 secs is max, but at 15mm probably 25 sec shutter speed should be your max. 20 secs would be ideal, but it becomes a balance act between your higher ISO's and the shutter speed.
Jim
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