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Archive 2008 · Fast Primes - Why The CA's?

  
 
Lance Couture
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p.1 #1 · Fast Primes - Why The CA's?


I'm just thinking a loud here, but I have been wondering lately what the point of using fast primes is, when they usually suffer from CA's and lack of sharpness when wide open?

Why are they not engineered to perform at their best when open wide? I can see this being a limitation of fast zooms, but not primes.

To me, this is usually why (or maybe I'm wrong) people buy lenses which start in the f/1.2 - 2.0 range, so they can shoot available light in low-light conditions (or to have shallow DoF).

I love my 50/1.4 and 85/1.8, but find it incredibly frustrating that I have to stop them down to a point *near* where my 2.8 lenses live in order to get them to start behaving nicely. What's the point in having an f/1.4 lens when I can only get good results from f/2 or 2.5 and above?

Can someone with some knowledge of optics/lens design clear this up for me?

Thanks!



Nov 22, 2008 at 11:54 PM
Dawei Ye
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p.1 #2 · Fast Primes - Why The CA's?


Hi Lance not sure about the CA issue but my 85L II and 35L are tack sharp wide open. Lack of sharpness is not the reason I choose to stop down (dof is). Although both lenses do improve in sharpness stopped down, they are already sharp enough wide open.

The CA tends to be worse for high contrast or shiny objects like metal/chrome



Nov 23, 2008 at 12:01 AM
astrolucida
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p.1 #3 · Fast Primes - Why The CA's?


The most typical CA issue with fast primes is that out-of-focus areas of sharp contrast show it. One color in front of focus plane, another behind.

Designing fast primes is exactly not an easy thing - with the constraint that mere mortals should afford them as well. Canon seems to have succeeded in 35f1.4L and 85f1.2L the best. My 50f1.4 is sharp wide open, when properly focused, but it only becomes bleeding sharp at f2.8 (which zooms typically are not). With fast primes nailing the focus exactly is crucial, also for CA.



Nov 23, 2008 at 04:21 AM
Lord Fluff
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p.1 #4 · Fast Primes - Why The CA's?


Lance - fast primes are designed to perform at their best wide open - or at least as well as is possible within the realms of physics. When you design lens to go to f1.2 then you have your work cut out, and also due to physics that lens cannot help but improve when stopped down.

Also if your ideal of 'good' only happens at 2.8 and above you've not really got into the whole narrow DOF thing. I often shoot my 85L wide open (or near it) for the look it gives, not cos I need to. The creative options opened up by being able to isolate tiny parts of a picture are very exciting, not to mention being able to play with the look of the parts of a shots that are not in focus - the 85L in particular being reknown for this.

One thing to note - neither the 50/1.4 or 85/1.8 really 'suffer from a lack of sharpness wide open' - they are pretty darn sharp wide open, or at least should be. Also CA is only really an issue on certain shots, so no offence, but I suspect your subject matter and techniques are exacerbating your issues.



Nov 23, 2008 at 06:18 AM
Chris Beaumont
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p.1 #5 · Fast Primes - Why The CA's?


Can't talk for the 50 1.4, but I'll second what Lord Fluff says about the 85 1.8, it's noticeably sharper than either of my L zooms (and I own 2 of the highest rated ones at that!) from f/2.2 onwards, and even at f/1.8 it's definately more than useable.

Chris



Nov 23, 2008 at 06:39 AM
martines34
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p.1 #6 · Fast Primes - Why The CA's?


I appreciate the discussion involved here as I try to understand how to capture better images.

Low to no light and no contrast require me to have fast lenses - if I want any real images.

It is an interesting battle that we are all trying to resolve and to understand in order to create the better images.

I think that there is a strain in all directions.



Nov 23, 2008 at 06:45 AM
DaveEP
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p.1 #7 · Fast Primes - Why The CA's?


OK - don't take this personally - I am not picking on you directly

Dawei Ye wrote:
..... but my 85L II and 35L are tack sharp wide open

......though both lenses do improve in sharpness stopped down


Don't these contradict each other ? How sharp is 'tack sharp' and how much sharper than 'tack sharp' can you get?

All things are relative, or course, but I wondered about this apparent contradiction.... because now we don't quite know what you (or many other people) mean by 'tack sharp'. It's a term used quite a lot on forums and if it's 'less sharp' than when the lens is stopped down, then it wasn't actually the sharpest it could be, so is it really tack sharp wide open or not

I had both the 35L and 85L and sold them. Apart from shallow DOF (which I almost never used), I found they were not significantly better (when stopped down) than a stopped down (high quality) zoom on a final print (pixel peeping didn't count). For instance, my 24-70L beat the crap out of my 35L in the corners at f2.8 and upwards. The 35L was 'marginally' sharper in the center when pixel peeping, but not enough to make it noticeable on an A2 print. I know this because I tested them side by side and made prints. I sold my 35L the next week.

The 85L was also awesome at f1.2, but pretty much unusable for anything other than planned shots. The DOF was so shallow it needed very careful focusing to get it just right. Focusing on the 85L was too slow to be usable for anything that moved much. Again, stopped down my 70-200 f2.8L IS was just as good for the end results on large prints, and much better at focusing on things . Again, after testing them side by side, and making large (A2) prints, I sold the 85L.

I am not criticizing prime lenses in any way. They do have their place, and they absolutely have their supporters. I do sometimes wonder though about the gear lust generated on these forums, and how many people find that after spending their $1500 (or whatever) that the lens really didn't make 'that much' difference in terms of picture quality (ignoring shallow DOF here for a moment) and had distinct downsides in terms of flexibility. I hear (read) so much BS about learning to zoom with your feet it makes me mad. If I have a specific shot framed in my mind, and I can't zoom to that framing with the prime lens using my feet (due to other environmental factors like people, roads, rivers, walls etc), now what? Answer, carry more primes, which defeats the object of traveling light, and even then, I usually ended up with a compromise, because, search as I may, I couldn't find (say) a 64mm prime to use on this shot and a 46mm prime on the next. So, the framing was almost never what I had in mind before lifting the camera to my eye. At least with a zoom I can so this.

Now, having said all this, if shallow DOF is your goal, and you are looking to use it day-in and day-out, then primes are the only way to go, you will just have to accept that sometimes they are less than perfect in other areas. Photography is a compromise.





Nov 23, 2008 at 07:49 AM
Dawei Ye
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p.1 #8 · Fast Primes - Why The CA's?


Hi Dave I should have said the 35L and 85L II are acceptably sharp wide open (and this is coming from a pixel peeper who inspects the 100% view on every shot). They definitely become more sharp as you stop down though, with my 35L reaching its peak from f/2-f/8 (almost indistinguishable) and my 85LII is just crazy from f/1.8 onwards. I don't think any of my lenses exceed the 85LII for sharpness, but the 50mm f/1.8 II and the 70-200mm f/4L IS and the 35L come close.

I agree with what you said, it's understandable that you would not find primes useful if you didn't really need shallow DOF. I'm a shallow DOF junkie and so I use them a lot, often to the detriment of pragmatism too. Primes are a pain in the bum to use, and often I find that having a prime mounted causes me to miss shots, or I have to resort to taking a shot with an inappropriate focal length (either being too short or too long) but in certain situations, the speed and IQ they offer is amazing.

Also the other advantage of fast primes is their speed. I was at a wedding yesterday and I was constantly at f/1.4, 1/30 shutter, ISO 1600, and my f/2.8 zooms wouldn't have cut it imo.



Nov 23, 2008 at 08:43 AM
dcmiller
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p.1 #9 · Fast Primes - Why The CA's?


They can build the primes with less CA and sharper wide open, but it costs more money. Consider the big Canon primes.
I don't notice much CA with my 85 II near wide open. The 50 1.4 is an inexpensive lens, so I'm not sure you can be too picky. Perhaps the 50 1.2 is better. Clearly the new Sigma 50 1.4 is sharper, but a minority of people here report focus problems on Canon.
It's probably not too useful to generalize about lens issues. Pick a focal length and speed needed and research the pros and cons of the choices available.
The most frequently discussed topic in the alt forum are "alts" to Canon lenses.
It's never been easier to get great shots in low light.



Nov 23, 2008 at 09:02 AM
DaveEP
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p.1 #10 · Fast Primes - Why The CA's?


Dawei Ye wrote:
Also the other advantage of fast primes is their speed. I was at a wedding yesterday and I was constantly at f/1.4, 1/30 shutter, ISO 1600, and my f/2.8 zooms wouldn't have cut it imo.


I agree that low light often means resorting to fast primes, but at the expense of DOF. This is why so many people want high quality high ISO. Having an f1.2 lens in low light is still no good if you needed f11 DOF.

Given the choice between ISO 800 and f1.4 vs (say) the option of f5.6-f8 with a (usable) high quality high ISO of (say) 12800 then I would probably still stick with the zoom, unless I 'wanted' really shallow DOF (yes it's useful sometimes).

On my 1Ds2 I often find myself shooting at ISO3200 with a 70-200 f2.8L IS @ 200mm with shutter speeds down at 1/30. Having a higher ISO would be very much welcome, and there don't appear to be many 200mm lenses @ f1.4



Nov 23, 2008 at 11:40 AM
danmitchell
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p.1 #11 · Fast Primes - Why The CA's?


Just a general point. NO lens will perform as well wide open as it will perform stopped down, much less perform perfectly. (There are a few well-known lenses that do very well at the largest apertures, but they are really exceptions.)

Fortunately, a small amount of CA is not noticeable in most cases, and if it would be it is easy to correct it in post.

Lens "perfection" is a phantom.

Dan



Nov 23, 2008 at 12:42 PM
Lance Couture
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p.1 #12 · Fast Primes - Why The CA's?


Lord Fluff wrote:
Lance - fast primes are designed to perform at their best wide open - or at least as well as is possible within the realms of physics. When you design lens to go to f1.2 then you have your work cut out, and also due to physics that lens cannot help but improve when stopped down.


Perhaps then, this the limitation here is cost to the consumer in designing a prime which is flawless wide open? It's well-documented that lenses like the 50/1.4, 85/1.8, and even the vaunted 85L suffer from CA's when wide open in high-contrast situations, reaching peak at relatively low apertures (in the 2.x range).

Personally I would prefer a prime which is great at 1.4, but then really starts to suffer at f8.

Like I said, I dont know enough about optical design to even guess if this would be possible.

Also if your ideal of 'good' only happens at 2.8 and above you've not really got into the whole narrow DOF thing. I often shoot my 85L wide open (or near it) for the look it gives, not cos I need to. The creative options opened up by being able to isolate tiny parts of a picture are very exciting, not to mention being able to play with the look of the parts of a shots that are not in focus - the 85L in particular being reknown for this.

Actually, the whole "DoF thing" is why I am wondering this. If I'm going to shoot normally, I use my 17-55 or my 70-200. I use my 50/1.4 and/or 85/1.8 to get the shallow DoF and to use available light. Sadly though, the effect at 1.4 on an APS-C camera like I have is not as dramatic as on a FF.

One thing to note - neither the 50/1.4 or 85/1.8 really 'suffer from a lack of sharpness wide open' - they are pretty darn sharp wide open, or at least should be. Also CA is only really an issue on certain shots, so no offence, but I suspect your subject matter and techniques are exacerbating your issues.

In anything but subdued lighting, the 50/1.4 @ 1.4 is a beast to control CA's on - absolutely difficult. My 85/1.8 is much better, but anything where white meets black directly with strong lighting, purple fringing is very, very evident.

There is not doubt as well that my technique needs improving (I think that's the case for most people, isnt it?). I am still figuring out how to shoot my primes with solid consistency, but I wasnt expecting aberrations of this degree, especially from my 50/1.4 "normal" lens.



Nov 23, 2008 at 01:10 PM
Lance Couture
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p.1 #13 · Fast Primes - Why The CA's?


danmitchell wrote:
Just a general point. NO lens will perform as well wide open as it will perform stopped down, much less perform perfectly. (There are a few well-known lenses that do very well at the largest apertures, but they are really exceptions.)


Do you know why this is, Dan?

Fortunately, a small amount of CA is not noticeable in most cases, and if it would be it is easy to correct it in post.


I guess this is where I have had issues too. Despite the available tools in LR, I find fixing harsh CA's very difficult in post, and I am not a "PS Ninja".

I suppose if I knew how to fix even the worst CA's in post, this wouldnt be so much of an issue.

Nevertheless, I'm still curious to know the limitations of the physics behind my original question... guess that's the science nerd in me...



Nov 23, 2008 at 01:16 PM
danmitchell
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p.1 #14 · Fast Primes - Why The CA's?


I'm not enough of an expert on optics to try to explain why lenses don't perform as well at their largest apertures, but I've done enough photography to know that it is true.

(I presume that the "less optimal at large aperture" might have something to do with the lens using "more of the glass" are larger apertures, but I suspect someone will have a more scientific explanation.)

If CA is actually the problem, I usually fix it in ACR when I do my RAW conversion. I could fix it using the "distortion" filter in PS but I'd rather deal with it at the source.

There are some situations in which a similar issue can arise when very bright and dark areas converge, such as when you have branches against a blown out sky - but that is a slightly different issue.

In the end, you do have to ask whether an issue that may be less than perfectly resolved when you inspect at 100% on the screen does or does not cause a visible problem in your prints. In many cases these "only visible at 100% on the screen" "problems" turn out to not be problems at all in prints...

... in which case it can be better to move on and make photos rather than worrying about the search for the (imaginary) perfect lens.

Dan

Lance Couture wrote:
Do you know why this is, Dan?

I guess this is where I have had issues too. Despite the available tools in LR, I find fixing harsh CA's very difficult in post, and I am not a "PS Ninja".

I suppose if I knew how to fix even the worst CA's in post, this wouldnt be so much of an issue.

Nevertheless, I'm still curious to know the limitations of the physics behind my original question... guess that's the science nerd in me...




Nov 23, 2008 at 02:56 PM
mh2000
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p.1 #15 · Fast Primes - Why The CA's?


one thing not mentioned is that sharpness is also a function of accurate focusing and Canon AF is least accurate wide open. At f2.8 my 28/1.8,35/2,50/1.4, 50/1.8 and 85/1.8 all focus much more precisely than my 24-70L did at f2.8... though the 24-70L is a beautiful zoom lens, but more reliable at f3.5.

Leica makes a bunch of lenses that are perform nearly peak wide open, but they cost way more than similar Canon L's... Canon could do better, but if it came a 2X premium over Nikon how many people would *actually* pay for the increased IQ?



Nov 23, 2008 at 03:50 PM
Chris Beaumont
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p.1 #16 · Fast Primes - Why The CA's?


mh2000 wrote:
but if it came a 2X premium over Nikon how many people would *actually* pay for the increased IQ?


Excellent point, I'd love an 85L but the amount it would cost me is just not justifiable from a business point of view, it's not worth the extra £1000 over my 85 1.8 to MY business, let alone if it cost twice as much.

For a wealthy amateur who doesn't need to justify purchases, or an extremely high end professional for whom that extra fraction of a % counts, maybe there's a market, but in global terms I doubt there's more than a few thousand.



Nov 23, 2008 at 04:13 PM
Lance Couture
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p.1 #17 · Fast Primes - Why The CA's?


Chris Beaumont wrote:
Excellent point, I'd love an 85L but the amount it would cost me is just not justifiable from a business point of view, it's not worth the extra £1000 over my 85 1.8 to MY business, let alone if it cost twice as much.

For a wealthy amateur who doesn't need to justify purchases, or an extremely high end professional for whom that extra fraction of a % counts, maybe there's a market, but in global terms I doubt there's more than a few thousand.



I guess that also answers my question. I suppose it is possible, but it just costs a lot.



Nov 23, 2008 at 04:31 PM
danmitchell
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p.1 #18 · Fast Primes - Why The CA's?


mh2000 wrote:
Leica makes a bunch of lenses that are perform nearly peak wide open...


Show me the test charts that demonstrate this.



Nov 23, 2008 at 04:54 PM
Steve Spencer
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p.1 #19 · Fast Primes - Why The CA's?


Hi Dan,

Click on the links below and then click on the technical data link on the right side. A pdf including the mtfs for these lenses should open in your browser:

http://en.leica-camera.com/photography/r_system/lenses/3797.html

http://en.leica-camera.com/photography/r_system/lenses/3804.html

http://en.leica-camera.com/photography/r_system/lenses/3809.html

http://en.leica-camera.com/photography/r_system/lenses/3806.html

http://en.leica-camera.com/photography/r_system/lenses/3807.html

Although all these lenses are nearly peak wide open, none of them are superfast for the focal lengths wide open. They are all excellent lenses, but you pay a lot for them even used.



Nov 23, 2008 at 05:13 PM
Timothy Hughes
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p.1 #20 · Fast Primes - Why The CA's?


Lance Couture wrote:
I'm just thinking a loud here, but I have been wondering lately what the point of using fast primes is, when they usually suffer from CA's and lack of sharpness when wide open?

Why are they not engineered to perform at their best when open wide? I can see this being a limitation of fast zooms, but not primes.

To me, this is usually why (or maybe I'm wrong) people buy lenses which start in the f/1.2 - 2.0 range, so they can shoot available light in low-light conditions (or to have shallow DoF).

I love my 50/1.4 and 85/1.8, but find
...Show more

Lance,

neither of those two lenses you mention work that well below f/2.0. Even that is a very shallow dof. I own both lenses and am extremely happy with their performance in relationship to price.


-----

Tim's blog



Nov 23, 2008 at 05:21 PM
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